EARLY LIFE
THE BIRTH PLACE
Makkah is the birth
place of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam), This
city is the oldest settlement of man on earth with erection of first
house of worship by Hadhrat Aadam Alyhe Salaam (Allah's Blessings on
him), the first man on this earth. This city is in Arabia, a big desert
land between Red Sea and Syria with barren hills, glittering and blazing
sands with few green places in its Hijaz Zone. The world fame cities of
Makkah, Madina and Jeddah lie in this Zone of Hijaz as cradle of Muslim
civilization between Indian ocean to that side of Suez canal African
Arabs.
GENEALOGY
Genealogy of noble
Muhammad, the Holy Prophet, Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam (Allah's
blessings and salutations on him) (571-632) is the Last Messenger of
Allah. He is the son of Abdullah (545-571) Who was the son of Abdal
Muttalib, the son of Hashim, the son of Abd-e-Monaf, the son of Qusayy,
the son of Kilab, the son of Murrah, the son of Kaab, the son of Luwae,
the son of Ghalib, the son of Fahr, the son of Malik, the son of Nadar,
the son of Kanannah, the son of Khazeemah, the son of Madrakah, the son
of Ilyaas, the son of Madhar, the son of Nazaar, the son of Ma'a'ad, the
son of Adnaan. Upto this great grand father the genealogy of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam (S.A,W.) has been
unanimously agreed by all the Muslim and non-Muslim historians by
correct records. All are unanimous on this point that the genealogy of
the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) commences from Prophet
Issma-'eel the elder son of Arch Prophet Hadhrat Ibrahim (Allah's
Blessings on both of them). It is Hadhrat Ibrahim (Allah's Blessings on
him) through Genealogy of Adnann upto Hadhrat Adam (Allah's Blessings on
him) is as follows:
Adnaan, the son of Aud,
the son of Hamee, the son of Salaaman, the son of Thabit, the son of
Jamal, the son of Qaidaar, the son of Ismail, the son of Ibrahim, the
son of Aazar, the son of Sharukh, the son of Arghoo, the son of Qaane,
the son of Khabir, the son of Shalikh, the son of Arfahshad, the son of
Saam, the son of Noah, the son of Lamak, the son of Mutawashlakh, the
son of Ak'htankh, the son of Byaar, the son of Lyall, the son of
Qanytaan, the son of Anoosh, the son of Shees, the son of Adam (Allah's
Blessing on him).
THE SACRED
FATHER
The name of the
respected father of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (meaning the most
praiseworthy) Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) is
Abd Allah (Abdullah) (meaning the devotee of Allah). He was the most
handsome youngest son of Abdal Mutalib excellent in virtues with perfect
attributes. (One hundred camels were sacrificed as thanks-giving to
Allah) by his father and the grand father of the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam). His forehead reflected a profound illumination. He
died at the age of twenty five years according to some at the age of
thirty years). Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) had been in the
womb of mother Aaaminah at that time for a few months. Thus the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam belongs to a genealogy of nobility.
THE
SACRED MOTHER OF THE HOLY PROPHET (SAW):
The name of the sacred
mother of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam) is
Aaaminah, daughter of Wahab, the son of Hashim, who was the son of Abd
Munaaf. She was known as the beautiful, virtuous, modest and chaste
lady. When she died, the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) was
six years of age. Thus the noble mother of the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam also belonged to the family of great nobility.
THE BLESSED
BIRTH:
The brightest dawn
follows the darkest night in this world of living men. Arabia plunged in
darkness of evils and superstitions. In such a gloomy age all around the
Holy Prophet Muhammad (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) was born as a bright
sun on the furmament of human history in the great city of Makkah.
Prophecies of his birth are still available in Bible (John: XIV = 15,
16, XVI = 7) and in Books of the old testament as stated by the Holy
Quraan (III : 81). The Holy Prophet of Islaam was born during the first
year of Aamel Feel (the year of the Elephant's War) on 12th
Rabee-ull-Awwal; 21st April, 571 A.D, during early morning; before the
sun-rise. Slaughter ceremony as thanks-giving to Allah took place on the
7th day. All the Quraysh community was invited to the feast. When people
asked what is the name of the child his grand father Abdul Muttalib
answered "Muhammad". He was asked as to why the child has been assigned
this unique type of virtuous name in deviation of customary names? The
reply was "my child should deserve appreciation and praise of the entire
world" (and Muhammad means the most praiseworthy).
The Makkah pagans
objected that Muhammad Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam should have born to
some king. The infidels were critical that Muhammad Sallallahoo Alyhe
Wassallam should have born to some chief or king. But Allah says in the
Holy Quraan:
"Allah knows best
with whom to place His Prophethood." Al-Quraan VI: 125.
Thus Muhammad Bin
Abdullah was His best choice.
SUCKLING DAYS:
The Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) was entrusted for suckling to the most
virtuous Haleemah Saa'-diyah, as the great governess. When Haleemah
started to suckle the infant Muhammad Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam it was
so soothing for her that she tried her level best to suckle him
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) on both breasts hut he (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) never took a drop from her left side full of rich milk. This
is how infant Muhammad Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam protected the right of
Haleemah's son in such infancy. After two years of his (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) suckling the great Nurse Haleemah brought him (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) to his most respectable mother. But she again entrusted
him upto the age of six years to nurse Haleemah for further
socialization in her pure Arabic tribe.
DEATH
OF GRAND FATHER:
When the Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) reached the age of eight years eight months
and ten days, his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) grand father, the most
respected leader of Makkah and strongest guardian of the Ka-'aaba
Hadhrat Abdul Muttalib passed away at the age of eighty four years. The
grand father had a great love for the Holy Prophet as child being so
lovely and the only orphaned son of so most handsome youngest son
Abdullah and so virtuous daughter-in-law Aamina.
SPONSORSHIP OF
ABOO TALIB:
Aboo Talib was the real
and so dear uncle of the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam). He
was personally entrusted the guardianship of the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) by his grand father before his death. He now assumed
the responsibility of supervision, acculturation and social training of
the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) with personal care, deep
love and great attachment with the orphan son of his real younger
brother. It is during this period that the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) learnt the art of goat farming to the practice of
retail salesmanship as an honest worker.
BUSINESS:
On attaining the
youthful faculties the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) inclined
towards undertaking skilfully the family business but he (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) did not have any capital to flourish it under his
resourceless uncle. A widow of a noble family Hadhrat Khadeejah, a great
lady was very rich with a thriving trade and commerce. For some times
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam was entrusted her sales
managership through his uncle which impressed lady Khudeejah for his
honesty, straight dealings and integrated skilfulness. So she herself
requested him (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) to take her goods for trading.
She then allocated much of her business to him while he attained
adulthood for his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) most appreciable
attributes, trustworthiness and orderly ways of life. The Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) from now onwards became a great businessman
of profound honesty with integrity. Considerable profits were earned in
this trade and business which further impressed Lady Khadeejah for his
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) worth and personal greatness.
MARRIAGE
TO HADHRAT KHADEEJAH
R.A. (RADHI
ALLAHOO TA'-'AALA ANN-HAA):
During the business
deals the servant of Hadhrat Khadeejah-tull-Kuubra, named Mysarrah,
always remained with the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam). He
narrated to Hadhrat Khadeejah all the good attributes and magnanimity of
the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) which he had observed
during the business journey and his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
tradesmanship. On hearing about these virtues, Hadhrat Khadeejah (R.A.)
as the richest lady of the land made a request to the Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) to get married to her. At the time of
marriage the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) was a handsome
young personage of 25 years of age and Hadhrat Khadeejah was a most
respectable widow of 40 years. After marriage to the Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) she remained alive for 25 years. Thus the
Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam became the Managing Director of
her entire business at this prime age. After the marriage, all of His
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) time was consumed in worshipping Almighty
Allah as the Supreme and the Sublime universal reality for the
betterment and welfare of humanity bringing them to the folds of unity.
THE UNIQUE
WORSHIP IN THE CAVE OF HIRA:
The Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) was so dejected from pagan worshippers of
the Holy Ka'aaba that he observed the cave Hira a top the eastern mount
of Makkah in the right direction to this Holy House of Allah Almighty's
so devoted worship. He started to remain there for continuous worship
day and night taking with him parched grams, barley, meals and water. He
used to go to lonely cave of mount Hira, few miles away from the city,
which was 4 yards long and l 3/4. There he had a pure glimpse of the
Ka-'aaba with spiritual vision of its top full of Allah's Mercy and all
the times continued to supplicate Allah. He did not return to the city
until water, parched grams and grounded barley meals did not exhaust.
The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) started to have profound
dreams. These were so realistic that whatever he (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) saw in dreams, used to materialize the next day. During all
these 15 years he spent much of the wealth as Managing Director of his
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) respectable wife to ameliorate the
sufferings of neighborhood, men in need and people facing the miseries.
His (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) so beloved wife was all out for him
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) in such human welfare activities.
THE
LAST MESSENGER OF ALLAH
DECLARATION OF PROPHETHOOD:
The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam attained the full maturity age of forty years.
On 5th of Rabi-ull-Awwal, year 41 Meeladi, the day was Monday (According
to 12th of February, 610 A.D.) the Arch Angel Hadhrat Roohul Ameen
Jibrael came to the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) with the
Divine commandment of declaring him the Last Prophet of Allah (S.W.T).
The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) at that time was engaged in
supplication to Almighty Allah in the cave of Hira. Hadhrat Roohull
Ameen (The Holy Spirit Hadhrat Jibrael) said "O Muhammad ! happy News to
you; you are the Messenger of Allah, and I am Jibrael. Read with the
Name of Rubb". But the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) told
him. that he is unlettered to read any thing. Then Angel Jibrael
embraced him strongly. The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) came
to the house and laid down on his bed with heavy body. He then felt
fever and too much cold. Therefore, he asked Hadhrat Khadeejah (R.A.) to
cover him with a cloth. After he (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
tranquillized, he said, "I have experienced such and such an incident".
She took him to his cousin Warqa, son of Nofal to whom the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam narrated the entire story. After hearing it he
said, "I am sure it is the same great Angel, Jibrael, who had descended
on Hadhrat Moossa (Allah's Blessing on him). After a few days Roohull
Ameen descended again, and the first Quraanic Message was revealed in
First Five Verses of Sura Alaq Sura No. XCVI. These 5 verses are the
initial ones which sanctify the Divine importance of reading and writing
in Islaam.
"Read in the Name
of your Rubb (Sustainer) Who created (every thing); created man from
a blood-clot.
Read; your Rubb (Sustainer) is the Most Honorable, who taught (man)
by the pen, taught man that he did not know." (Al-Quraan XCVI: 1 to
5)
THE PRAYER:
Roohull Ameen (Hazrat
Jibrael (Blessing of Allah on him) brought the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) to the foot of the cave Hira mountain. He himself
performed the wodoo (ablution). The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) also performed ablution in the same way. Then they offered
Salaat (Muslim prayer) together. Roohull Ameen (Hadhrat Jibrael) lead
the prayer (Salaat).
COMMENCEMENT
OF PREACHING:
After offering first
Prayer with Jibrael A.S. the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
reached home and started preaching his so dear wife Hadhrat Khadeejah
(R.A.) Radhi Allah hoo Ta-'aala annhaa (Allah is pleased with her). Thus
a lady became the first Muslim wife of the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam). Hadhrat Khadeejah tull Kubra started to offer Prayer
just on embracing Islaam followed by Ali (Allah is pleased with him),
his cousin aged ten years, Hadhrat Aboo Bakr Siddique, his great friend
(Radhi Allahoo Ta'aala annhoo, Allah is pleased with him), his personal
servant Hadhrat Zaid Bin Harthah (R.A.). All of them embraced Islaam on
the very first day. Their coming into the fold of Islaam was the proof
of piety, virtuous life, personal dignity, dignified truth and
righteousness of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam Allah
Almighty Ordained him Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam to preach openly as in
Sura Al-Hijr XV : 94. He was commanded by Allah to persuade to faith his
kith and kins in the first instance as in Sura Us-Sho-'aaraa' XXVI: 214.
THE
INFIDELS' PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN
AGAINST THE HOLY
PROPHET Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam:
None can tolerate
self-criticism and if some human being attains a Divine respect how can
such exalted personality tolerate slightest disgrace of any one. Here is
the life of the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) like an open
book being the Last Ideal of Allah and a Divine Modality for the entire
humanity for all the times. A worst propaganda campaign was launched
against him with severe allegations by the Makki pagans opposing so
bitterly his faith in Unity of Allah Almighty and negation of idolatry
as well as social evils of the infidels. The allegations and
condemnations of the Holy Prophet by his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
opponents have been carried by the Holy Quraan in their words as :
"that He
(Muhammad) is majnun (mad man) possessed by Jinns". (Al-Quraan
LXXXI: 22)
The Holy Quraan by
this Verse points out that the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam received no revelations. Thus the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam was mentally tortured but He (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) remained steadfast in his straightforward and truthful
preachings of Islaam.
"that they
(pagans) dub him (Muhammad) as a 'kahin' or soothsayer". (Al-Quraan
LII: 29/LXIX : 42)
"that he
(Muhammad) is a magician or a sorcerer". (Quraan XXXVIII: 4)
"that he
(Muhammad) is a sahir that he is a poet." (Quraan LII: 30/LXIX : 41)
Allah Almighty defends
the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaho-hoo Alyhe Wassallam) for all these
allegations and wrong propagation by His Quraanic revelations
categorically repudiating the disbelievers' wrong contentions. Allah
says —
"We have not taught
him (Muhammad) poetry ..... but he gets the pure revelations of
Allah". (Al-Quraan = XXXIV : 69)
"Muhammad is
not a poet..... as a poet is a mental rambler who tries to
transform into beautiful rhymes his wayward whims and
emotions. Poet brings remote issues and speculation in
poetic dictions which have no bearing on human problems
..... " (Al-Quraan = XXVI: 226, 325)
Secondly the opponents
of the Holy Prophet could not believe that a human being without
supernatural power could ever become the Messenger of Allah. Allah
verifies this truth through the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
in these words —.
"Please declare, I
am only a human being like you. My Rubb (Sustainer) inspires me that
your Allah is only one Allah worth worship",. (XVIII: 110)
"Please declare, "I
am only a human being like you ..... therefore remain on the
straight path (as I practise) and seek His forgiveness." (Al-Quraan
= XLI: 6)
"Please declare,
"my Allah be glorified. I am nothing but a human being ..... "
(XVII: 93)
"they say, "why
Allah has made a mortal His Messenger? Please declare, if
there were angels walking in the earth secure, We had sent
down for them from heaven an angel as messenger". (XVII:
94-95)
They (pagans) say,
"why an angel has not been sent in his (Muhammad's) place ..... Had
We appointed an angel We must have sent him as a man ..... " (VI:
8-9)
"Disbelievers say,
"it (Quraan) is but one which he (Muhammad) has coined, and
other folk, have helped him ....." (Al-Quraan = XXV : 4 to 6)
"Only some
(learned) man teaches him (Muhammad) ..... as it (Quraan) is a clear
Arabic speech. Surely those who donot believe in revelations of
Allah will have a painful punishment..... who disbelieve the
revelations of Allah are the liars ..... " (Al-Quraan = XVI: 103,
104)
Thirdly the
disbelievers of Makkah said that if some human being was to be raised as
a Messenger some richer and far more influential Chief enjoying worldly
powers. Why an orphan of a Quraish family gone down was appointed
Prophet? Allah says in His Quraan in this behalf:And they
(disbelievers) say, "why this Quraan had not been revealed to some
great man of the two towns (Makkah/Taa-iff). (Al-Quraan = XLIII: 31)
"Why is a
treasure not thrown on him? Why not he has a garden with him
to eat there from? ..... you are following a man bewitched."
(Al-Quraan =
XXV : 7, 8)
"He it is Who
has sent amongst the unlettered a messenger of their own to—
recite to them
His revelations; (b) purify them; (c) teach them the
Scripture; and (d) wisdom (Al-Quraan = XLII: 2 to 4)
Fourthly the
disbelievers wanted big miracles from him as verified by Quraan;
"They say, .....
"bubble a spring from earth", ..... bring forth a garden of date
palm and vine with spring and rivers gushing forth ..... ; let the
heaven fall down upon them (infidels) "or produce God and angels
descending from heaven;" bring down from heaven writing for them
ready reading..... " (Al-Quraan = XVII: 90 to 93)
Had we sent down to
you (Muhammad) a writing on parchment, so that they could feel it by
their hands;, those who disbelieve could have said, this is not else
than a magic" ..... (VI: 7)
of the past but also answer the objections of disbelievers
of today. These verses of the Holy Quraan also fully make it clear that
Quraan is the word of Allah. Had it been the words of Muhammad Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam he would not have so critically evaluated his own person
as humble devotee.
But the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam continued to preach the Truth from Allah
making everybody understand the virtues of Islaam. He (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam), in every general assembly, every festival, every street, and
every lane, used to impress upon his people the excellence of
monotheism, and prevented them from paganism, adultery, idolatry,
burying daughters alive and gambling. These do's and dont's have been
detailed in Sura In-'aam VI: 151.
PREACHING IN
NATIONAL FESTIVALS:
Festivals of Akkaz,
Bijneeh and Zilmahaz were extremely famous in Arabia. People from
distant places used to attend them. The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) used to go to these places, and used to invite the people to
the Divine fold of the great religion of Islaam and oneness of Allah
(Monotheism). These addresses resulted in formation of a small group of
so sincere Muslims. Allah S.W.T. then directed him (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) to preach the Quraish.
ANTAGONISM OF
THE QURAYSH:
On observing the
situation posed by the Divine Truth offered to them the Quraish were
extremely embarrassed for rejection of paganism by Muhammad (Sallallah
hoo Alyhe Wassallam) and hence they thought it essential to block his
ways. In the early stages, they first started offering minor hindrances
but at last they resorted to torture him and they started a tough
resistance movement to compel new-Muslims to revert to their old
religion.
HADHRAT BILAAL:
R.A. (RADHI ALLAHOO TA-
'AALA UN-HOO):
Hazrat Bilaal (R.A.)
was an African. He was made a slave by Umayyah bin Khalaf, who started
subjecting him to crushing tortures when he came to know of his
conversion to Islaam but he was so sincerely influenced by Islaam that
he did not care for these tortures. Indoctrinated with Divine love, he
was shouting slogans of "Ahad", "Ahad" (Allah is One, Allah is One)
happily. Moved by Hadhrat Bilaal's such sincerity to Islaamic faith
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr (R-A.) paid the amount of his enslavement and
emancipated him from slavery of his master.
MIGRATION
OF EARLY MUSLIMS TO HABASHA:
ABYSSINIA:
ETHIOPIA:
The infidels started
tormenting the early Muslims in a serious confrontation. The Holy
Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) permitted that if any Muslim wishes
to go out of Makkah and its suburbs may migrate to the country of
Habasha (presently Ethiopia) for personal safety. After this permission,
a small caravan comprising of twelve Muslim men and four Muslim women
embarked a ship and, in darkness of the night, left the port of Jeddah
and proceeded towards Abyssinia. Hadhrat Uthman Bin Affan (R.A.) along
with his wife Sayyadah Rooqayyah (The daughter of the Holy Prophet)
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) and Hazrat Jaafar Tayyar (R.A.) were the
leaders of this early Muslim caravan leaving their homeland by the Red
Sea to Habasha. On having come to know of this the Quraish approached
the court of king Najashi, (then Haill Salasee) and complained to him
that these people belong to their tribe. They have escaped from their
country, and that they should be handed over to them. In reply to this
Hadhrat Jaaffar (R.A.) said, "Allah endowed His Mercy on us, and deputed
a messenger to us with the Holy Book of the last Divine Message, the
Holy Quraan. He invited us to the Unity of Allah. He asked us to desist
from sins and idolatory; to pray Allah only, give alms and keep fast.
Our community got disgusted from him. They started persecuting us as far
as they could, due to which we were compelled to leave our beloved
homeland and come here in refuge.
On hearing this the
king desired that the Holy Quraan be recited to him. Hadhrat Jaafar
Tayyar (R.A.) recited some verses from Surah Maryam- (AI-Quraan Chapter
XIX). The king started weeping, and said, "This is the same Messenger of
Allah, Muhammad (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) about whom Hadhrat Eessa
(Allah's Blessings on him) had forecast. Thanks God that I happened to
be alive during his time. In brief, the infidels did not succeed here,
and they returned home.
EMBRACING OF
ISLAAM BY HADHRAT AMEER HAMZA (R.A.):
During the sixth year
of Makki preaching of Islaam the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) was delivering sermon on mount Safaa when accidently Aboo
Jehl, the arch enemy of Islaam, arrived there. He was extremely annoyed
on seeing the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam preaching the
Divine Truth. After abusing, he hurled a stone on him (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) which resulted in serious bleeding of His (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) head. When Hadhrat Hamza (R.A.) came to know of this he
approached Aboo Jehl, and struck his head with the bow so strongly that
he got him wounded the same way Hadhrat Hamza was paternal uncle but
also a maternal cousin of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam who
had sucked the milk of some maid nurse Saubia who initially nursed the
Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam So Ameer Hamza was so near and so
dear to Him (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam). So Hadhrat Hamaza came to the
Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) and said, my nephew you will be
pleased to learn that Ï have avenged Aboo Jehl for you." The Holy
Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) said, "O my uncle! I shall be happy
when you will embrace Islaam." On hearing this Hadhrat Ameer Hamza
(Allah is pleased with him), embraced Islaam forthwith. He was a man of
great conviction and became a great asset to Islaam and for the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
EMBRACING
OF ISLAAM BY HADHRAT OMAR THE GREAT (R.A.):
Hadhrat Omar, the
great, (R.A.) embraced Islaam, three days after Hadhrat Hamza (R.A.)
entered the fold of Islaam. It is a strange turning point in his life
that during those troubled days he (Hadhrat Omar) determined to murder
the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam). He armed himself and
furiously started from the house for the purpose. In the way he came to
know that his sister Fatima Bint-e-Khattaab and his brother-in-law Saeed
have embraced Islaam. On hearing this he went over to the house of his
brother-in-law where Hadhrat Khabaab was teaching them from the
parchments of the Quraan. He beat them thoroughly to the extent that the
head of his brother-in-law and his sister started bleeding. His sister,
being excited, said to Hadhrat Omar (Allah is pleased with him) "We have
embraced Islaam; you may do whatever you like". Hadhrat Omar, seeing
them so sincere in faith desired that they should recite to him whatever
they were reading from their Muslim teacher earlier. The Sura Hadeed
(Steel) Rakoo (Section) was recited to him after he had undergone the
prescribed Wodoo (ablution of Islaam). It so impressed him that on
hearing this recitation he wept profusely due to the spiritual impacts
of the Holy Quraan on his person. Thus the recitation of a great Muslim
lady became the turning point in the life of the great Omar.
Subsequently he approached the Holy Prophet (Allah's blessings and
salutations on him) and professed Islaam reciting aloud the Kalmah
Shahadat. (Confessing of faith for Muslim belief). All the Companions of
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam are his (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) disciple but Omar the great is his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
desire. Thus he confessed that Allah is one and the Holy Prophet
(Allah's blessing and salutation on him) loudly declared Takbeer
Allah-hoo-Akbar (Allah is Greater) Who has made Omar the great a real
force for the early Muslims by strenthening them in their weakness.
Hearts of the infidels were over-awed for his so brave entry to Islaamic
faith and sincere companionship to the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam After announcing Islaam, he offered prayer in Kaaba, due to
which the infidels were grieved tremendously.
DEATH
OF HADHRAT ABOO TALIB AND
HADHRAT KHADEEJA
TULL-KUUBRAA
(ALLAH IS
PLEASED WITH HER):
During the year of ten
Hijra, Hadhrat Aboo Talib, uncle of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam died. (He was the father of Hadhrat Ali-ull-Muurtaza (Allah is
pleased with him). The Holy Prophet (Allah's blessings and salutations
on him) was brought up under his support and as such the Holy Prophet
(Allah's blessings and salutation on him) was grieved tremendously.
Uncle Aboo Talib was always a great force of love and support for him
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) against the Makki people dreadful enmity to
him.
Thereafter, the beloved
wife of the Holy Prophet (Allah's blessing and salutation on him)
Hadhrat Khadeejah-tuIl-Kubra (Allah is pleased with her) passed away.
She had expended all her belongings being the richest lady of the land
for the sake of Allah. She had embraced Islaam on the first day before
any one else. All the issues of the Holy Prophet (except one) were from
her. She was a great lady but his so sincerely loving life mate. The
angels used to convey to her the Salutation of Allah. Hadhrat
Ahmad-e-MuuJtaba Muhammad-e-Muustafaa (blessings and salutations of
Allah on him), Shaafa-e-Mehshar (the holder of Divine permission to seek
Allah's Mercy for everyone on the Day of Judgement) suffered a yet big
shock, after the death of his uncle. Hence that year was named as 'year
of grief'.
PREACHING IN
TAA-'FF:
The Holy Prophet
(Allah's Blessing and salutation on him) now started onward 9th Nabawi
preaching with more vigour after such great demises having more
confidence in his conviction. He went outside of Makkah that preaching
Islaam to the hostile people of this city did not impress him (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam). He thought that the people of Taa-'iff might follow
him proper. During this journey his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) personal
servant Hadhrat Zayed Bin Harsa (Allah is pleased with him) was also
with him. The Holy Prophet (Allah's blessing and salutations on him)
preached amongst all the tribes which came in the way between Makkah and
Taa-'iff. But unfortunately he was seriously injured and beaten out of
Taa-'iff which was more torturous than the torture received by all the
previous prophets of Allah. After gaining senses he (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) was asked by Arch Angel Jibrael to pray to Allah against them
and he would crush them between the mountains. But the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam prayed to Allah in favor to show their next
generations the right path. This prayer was offered by him being the
Rahmate Aalam (Mercy of the Almighty for the entire universe). Later the
same cruel people of Taa-'iff became the best Muslims automatically.
IMPRISONMENT
IN SHEBE ABEE TAALIB:
The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam with all the believers (including dear wife
Khadeejah and uncle Aboo Talib were fortified for three years by a
severe social boycott of Makkah infidels. There they had so long a
torture that the Holy Prophet (S.W.A.) and his companions had to eat
leaves of trees and leather to survive. Allah saved them all from this
trial and terminated the social boycott agreement of Makki pagans being
outside this fortification. Thus Muslims became more sincere to their
true faith.
ISLAAM IN
YATHRAB (MADINA):
Allah Almighty helps
His committed people of missionary zeal by persons of sincere
inclination to find the truth. The people of Yathrab (Madina) usually
came to Makkah to perform the annual Hajj. The Holy Prophet used to
preach people in the Hajj assemblies. In the 9th Nabawi Suwaid bin
Samit, a great poet of Yathrab, highly impressed by the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam started to love Islaam. He introduced to
youngsters of Madina the truthfulness of the Holy Prophet. Thus in 10th
Nabawi six talented persons of Yathrab (Madina) on Haij occasion met the
Holy Prophet lead by Aboo Haseem bin Taihaan. They were followed by 12
persons from Madina to embrace Islaam. Then the Chief of Auws tribe of
Madina Mas'-ub embraced Islaam. Thus in 12th Nabawi 72 people of Madina
came for Hajj to Makkah and embraced Islaam. Then the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam allowed Makkah Muslims to migrate to the
friendly city of Madina. Then many people came on behalf of the Khazraj
tribe as enemies of their Auws tribe of Yathrab (Madina) being rivals of
each other. These Khazraj people wanted to enter into pact with Quraysh.
But Allah Almighty has His strange ways to help His devotees in toughest
circumstances. These people from a far off city of Yathrab (city of
diseases which became Madina tuur Rasool) underwent a strange
self-quisitiveness About Islaam. They found the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam and asked him what is Islaam? What he stands for? How
this religion has the real Divine Truth as human saviour? The Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) very
enthusiastically, preached them and profusely recited to them the Holy
Quraan with pertinent verses on Unity and oneness Allah and his truthful
mission as Messenger. Getting sincerely excited Ayaas Bin Maaz,
immediately on hearing this said, "O my clan ! This is better for you to
embrace Islaam now than the objective of your coming here" only for
quisitiveness About this true faith against the paganism and idolatry."
Thus this group of Madina became the pioneers of Islaam there.
MEIRAAJ:
The Holy Quraan
says
Glory be to Him Who
took by night (Assra) from the sacred Mosque to the distant mosque,
the surrounding of which His devotee — to show him His signs —
(Al-Quraan = XVII = 1/L 111:2 to 8)
After very hardship
there is a Divine ease. And the best bestowment of Allah Suubhana-hoo Wa
Ta-'aala to the Holy Prophet Sallallah hoo Alyhe Wassallam. It was his
personal exaltation amongst all the prophets. It was his (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) physical and sensuous Divine tour through the sphere
from earth to the heavens. First of all he went from Masjid-ul-Haraam,
Makkah to Masjid-ul-Aqsaa in Palestine Divine city of Jerusalem. The he
(blessings and salutations of Allah on him) personally became the Imam
(leader) of the prayer of all the Prophets of Allah (total as 125000 to
140000). Thereby he enjoyed the highest respect of Allah Rubbul Aalameen
as the RahmatuI-lil-Aalameen. He physically had a great journey of
heavens where he observed the Paradises, the Hell and the highest seat
of his exaltation on the Day of Judgement. This is his greatest miracle
beyond human imagination as a supernatural bestowment of Allah which
reason cannot justify. He got into immediate presence of Allah Almighty,
far beyond where none except Jibrael could ascend. This is a great
miracle of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam After this great
Assraa (Meiraaj) Allah Almighty opened up the way of the Muslims to
friendly Madina saving them from so hostile city of Makkah.
THE
MIGRATION OF MUSLIMS AND HADHRAT OMAR TO MADINA:
Allah commanded in Sura
IV : 75 the Muslims to migrate. Hadhrat Omar (R.A.) was so brave that he
became the pioneer Makki to migrate to Madina to prepare the ground for
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam. to shift there. As such Omar
the great (Allah is pleased with him) migration in this way bravely and
daringly encouraged the faithfuls to leave Makkah for ever to Madina. He
commenced journey with twenty riders. Ayash Bin Rabeeah was with him.
They left Makkah in the day light in the presence of all the Quraysh.
They announced loudly "Any one who wants his wife to be a widow, and
also any one who wants his childrens to be orphans, may meet me behind
this mountain; but none dared to check him with this First caravan of
Muslim migrants but all of them remained dumb.
THE
HOLY PROPHET AT MADINA
MIGRATION OF
THE HOLY PROPHET (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
Very few Muslims were
left in Makkah and from amongst the august companions only Hadhrat Aboo
Bakr Siddique as the most trusted friend and the sincerest believer as
well as the real faithful cousin Ali (Allah is pleased with them both)
remained with him (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam). The Quraysh said that it
was a golden opportunity to kill the Holy Prophet (Allah's Blessing and
Salutation on him). In order to contemplate on the effective measures
they convened a secret meeting in Daarun Nadwah (social club) of Makkah
wherein all the leaders of the Quraysh participated. At last some fool
proof measures were suggested in this behalf by Aboo Jehl which were
unanimously accepted, and the meeting adjourned. The proposal was that
from all the famous tribes of Arabs, a hand of youngmen, one from each
tribe, should be selected. They should surround the house of the Holy
Prophet (Allah's Blessing and Salutation on him) in darkness of the
night. When Muhammad (Allah's blessings and salutation on him) at the
time of morning prayer comes out, they should attack him with their
swords, and kill him to pieces. In this type of blind murder of the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam by such joint action of the pagan
tribes on Aboo Jehl's plan none will be held responsible for such
sinister act. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quraan—
They are devising a
plan against you (Muhammad) and I will devise a plan to save you" —
(LXXV: 15 to 17).
And call to mind
when the disbelievers devised their plans against you to imprison
you or kill you — (VIII:3).
In this deadly plan all
the tribes would have participated. Even the worst Enemy cannot do
anything wrong if the protection of Allah is available. The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam came to know About this evil design of
infidels by Divine indication in a dream. By that time most of the Makki
Muslims had migrated to Madina, except a few nears and dears of the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam including Hadhrat Ali and Hadhrat Aboo
Bakr (Allah is pleased with them). As soon as the infidels surrounded
the house of the Holy Prophet (Allah's blessings and salutation on him),
for his murder he asked Hadhrat Ali (Allah is pleased with him) to lie
down, on his bed to hand over the trusts of Makki people kept with him
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) as the most trustworthy. He himself came out
of the deadly surrounding of his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) house by
the infidels reciting the Surah Yaseen.
THE
HOLY PROPHET Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam LEAVES HIS SO DEAR HOUSE:
The Holy Prophet
(Allah's blessings and salutations on him) approached the house of
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr Siddique R.A. (Radhi Allahoo Unhoo—Allah is pleased
with him). This incident took place on 27th Safar of 13th year of the
Nabwi preachings of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam at Makkah
which is calculated as on Thursday 12th September, 662 A.D.
The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam had already a definite plan to migrate to
Madina. For this purpose Hadhrat Aboo Bakr R.A. had already purchased
two camels. The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam had paid him the
price of the camel allocated by Aboo Bakr for him which he had to
receive due to the pressure of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam).
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr
(Allah is pleased with him) soon made preparations for the eventful
journey on foot. Aasma, daughter of Hadhrat Aboo Bakr R.A. prepared dry
food and filled a bag containing parched and ground barley meals. Both
the esteemed persons (the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam and
Aboo Bakr R.A.) as the all times tested bosom friends commenced their
journey which became the unique turning point in the entire human
history to usher-in a just society with peaceful prosperity. They
reached a cave of the hillock of Thawr, situated at a distance of four
to five miles from Makkah. First of all, Hadhrat Aboo Bakr Siddique R.A.
fully sweeped the cave, and closed the holes with the rags which he
obtained by tearing his own clothes. Thereafter he submitted to the Holy
Prophet (Allah's blessing and salutation on him) to come in for rest.
On the other hand when
Hadhrat Ali (Allah is pleased with him) sleeping with sheet over him
which was dragged by infidels woke up from the Prophet's bed. The
Quraysh killer agents came near and recognized him as Ali. They asked
about the whereabouts of the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutation of
Allah on him). Hadhrat Ali (Allah is pleased with him) expressed his
ignorance About this. The Quraysh agents deployed to kill the Holy
Prophet were ashamed to attack him (Ali R.A.). Anyhow they caught hold
of him and brought him upto the shrine of Ka-'aaba but released him
after some time.
Then the Quraish
declared a reward one hundred red camels of best price whoso brings the
head of the Holy Prophet. Suraqa Ibne-Sham was so greedy that he traced
out the foot points of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam with
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr and were upto Cave Sauwr. But Allah Almighty saved
them both being the Third and the Supreme Power all over. The Quraan
says that Allah was with them to fully protect both (Al-Quraan Sura
Tauba IX: 407).
DEPARTURE FROM
THE CAVE:
On the fourth night two
she camels came from the house of Hadhrat Aboo Bakr Siddique (Allah is
pleased with him), which had been pre-arranged for this historical
journey. The Holy Prophet (Blessing and salutations of Allah on him) and
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr (Allah is pleased with him) rode on one; and on the
other rode Aamer Bin Faheera and Abd Allah Bin Laqeet as their guards.
They proceeded towards Madina on the first of Rabee-ul-Awwal on Monday
the 16th of September, 662 A.D.
ARRIVAL AT THE
PLACE, NAMED QABBA:
It was 8th of
Rabee-ul-Awwal in the 13th year of Inauguration of Prophet hood (First
year of Hijri as the starting point for Islaamic Lunar calendar the day
being Monday (23rd of September, 622 A.D.), that the Holy Prophet
arrived at the place known as QABBA near Madina. Here the first Mosque
in Islaam was built. Allah says:
"This is the Masjid
(mosque) which has its foundations from the first day on piety (and
sincerity). It has therefore the greatest sancity —" (Al-Quraan -
IX: 108)."
As soon as people of
Medina heard that the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah
on him), crowds came flocking out of Medina. They started to come every
morning and wait eagerly for his appearance until noon. It was morning
when the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations on him) appeared at
this place. All the Muslims greeted him with shouts of Allaho Akbar
(Allah is the greatest); and they gathered around him like moths. Those
who had not uptil now seen the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations
of Allah on him), had taken Hadhrat Aboo Bakr as the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam Hadhrat Aboo Bakr (Allah is pleased with him)
understood the situation. He took a sheet of cloth, stood up, and
shadowed over the head of the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of
Allah on him) with this; from which every one realised that he was Aboo
Bakr Siddique (Allah is pleased with him). The Holy Prophet (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him) stayed here upto Thursday. During three
days the first thing which the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations
of Allah on him) did was to lay the foundations of the first Masjid in
Islaam which is the profoundest mosque as stated by the Holy Quraan
(Sura IX : 108). Mosques are for the worship of one Allah worth worship
Who has no partner or associate or equal.
ENTRANCE
TO MADINA:
It was 12th of
Rabi-ul-Awwal; the day was Friday, that the Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations of Allah on him) rode from Qabaa and reached the house of
Bani Salim. Here he (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) offered the first
Juum-'ah Prayer as weekly Muslim congregation afternoon, as first event
and the first Juum-'ah in Islaam. It is here that the pretty girls of
Madina were singing the Naa'-tia (eulogizing) songs in honor of the Holy
Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) with great love, affection and
jubilation. All the Madinese were lining up in reception with heartfelt
joy and celebration of the arrival the Divine Blessing in Madina.
HADHRAT
ALI R.A. JOINS:
During the same days,
the brave Ali-uII-Muurtaza (Allah is pleased with him) approached the
Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations on him) approached the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam walking. In obedience of the order of
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam he had stayed in Makkah for a
few days in order to return the trusts kept with the Holy Prophet
(Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) as Al-ameen of Makkah (the most
trustworthy). He returned all these trusts one by one to their
respective owners.
ARRIVAL AND
MASJID NABAWI FOUNDATIONS:
The Holy Prophet on
arrival in the city of Madina left open to his she camel to sit anywhere
she wants and it was the house of Ahoo Ayyub Ansari the sincerest
companion of the Holy Prophet at Madina- He stayed with him as his
special guest of honor. Meanwhile a chun of land belonging to two
orphans was purchased on which t.he Masjid-e-Nabawi was constructed with
modest apartments for the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam where
he shifted later.
MARRIAGE WITH
HADHRAT 'AYISHAH: (Allah is pleased with her).
Abdulla Bin Areeqat
returned to Makkah. He conveyed the tiding to Hadhrat Abdulla Bin Ahoo
Bakr about the safe arrival of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam at Madina. On receiving this happy News, he migrated from
Makkah to Madina Munawwara along with his sister 'Ayishah (Allah is
pleased with her), their mother and Talha Bin Abdullah. The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam had engagement with her in Makkah but she was
married by her mother and Father to him (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam. on
her arrival to Madina.
THE
BROTHERHOOD TIES OF MOHAJIRS AND ANSAARS IN MADINA:
During the same period
acting upon the commandment of Allah, the Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations on him) cemented (.he ties of brotherhood amongst the
Muslims of Madina who were called ANSAR, and the Mahajreen i.e.
emigrants from Makkah by selecting families to live together. Allah
Almighty has highly appreciated this brotherhood of Muslims in the Holy
Quraan in Sura Anfaal VIII: 72.
CHANGE
OF QIBLAH:
Change in the Qiblah of
Muslims took place during the month of Shabaan. Earlier the Muslims used
to pray with their faces towards the Holy Mosque in Jerusalem.
Commandment of the change of Qiblah was revealed to the Holy Prophet
during the congregational prayer at Asr. The Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam had already completed two Rak-'ats. The verse about
change of Qibla descended Rakooh' of the third Rakaat; and hence the
Holy Prophet turned his face towards Ka-'aaba and all the companions
also followed him suit by turning their faces from north west to south
east. This has been allowed by Allah in the Holy Quraan vide Sura
Al-Baqrah II :150, 143 and 177.
THE
WAR OF BADR:
The very first and the
most famous war of the believers in Islaam with the disbeliever infidels
was the famous war of Badr fought by Muslims to defend Madina from being
smashed by Makki pagan who came fully prepared wit-h all the necessary
war arsenal. The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) commanded the
Muslims and the enemy was engaged in the famous plain of Badr, some 80
miles away from Madina. Allah allowed the Muslims in 2nd Hijra to have
defensive fight against the enemy as in Sura Al-Baqra 11:19. This is
because Muslims defend their peaceful co-existence for Allah as in Sura
Aale-Imraan 111:13 to remain grateful to Allah to establish His best,
system as in Sura III :123. Allah made Muslims to look double to the
enemy as in Sura III :13.
Sura Anfaal gives full
account of the War of Badr being the greatest event of Islaarn and the
turning point, in the History of islaam. Reference is made to Sura
Anfaal VIII Verses 2 to 19, Verses 41 to 47, Verses 67 to 71.
The warning about the
spoils of war of Badr snatched by successful Muslim warriers from the
tally defeated infidels of Makkah has been revealed in Sura Anfaal VIII:
67 to 69 where principles have been laid down about the final phase of
any defensive Muslim War. The Muslims who participate in Islaam Jahaad
(sacred defensive and obligatory battles to maintain the march of truth
of Allah for human co-existence, peace and prosperity have been laid
down in scores of verses of the Holy Quraan. But the Sura Nisaa TV: 95
is comprehensive in brief on this subject. Sura XXII: 39 to 41 and Sura
LI: 251 also prescribes to establish the system of Islaam with sincerity
of purpose with integrity.
Sura Nisaa IV : 75 and
Sura Anfaal VIII: 39 read with Sura Baqarah II :190 to achieve the
objectives of Islaam by any sacrifice.
It was the holy month
of Ramadhan-ull-Mubarak in the year of 2 Hijri that Aboo Jehl spread the
rumour that their caravan, loaded with riches, was coming back to Makkah
from Syria, and that Madina lies in the way. Muslims intend to plunder
it. The purpose of this rumour was that all those people who had
invested their capital in business, and also those whose relatives were
in the caravan; and those who hate Muslims; they should get suspicious
against Muslims; should unanimously get ready to wage a war against
Muslims. Thus Aboo Jehl succeeded in his device to revenge the migration
of Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam and his followers, unhurt. The
army of Quraysh comprised of one thousand spirited warriors which
included seven hundred riders of camels and three hundred horses. Aboo
Jehl marched forward leading this army. The trade caravan of Makkah
which had obviously served as the cause of this military expedition of
Makki infidels had travelled by another path to Makkah; yet Aboo Jehl
continued advancing with this army towards Madina. Now it was clear for
Muslims that protection of the caravan was only an excuse. This was only
an invasion on the poor Muslims for no cause of concern from them on any
account.
The Holy Prophet
(blessings and salutations on him), consulted the companions (Allah is
pleased with them) on this matter. The Mahajirs (emigrants) gave a
satisfactory reply. The Ansaar leader Sa'ad Bin Ma-'aaz said, "Perhaps
the Holy Prophets (blessings and salutations on him) thinks that the
Ansars do not think it their duty to help you (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam). We are under your (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) kind control
and will. We shall obey as you order. The battle took place on Friday,
the 17th of Ramadhan-ull-Mubarak when the Muslims were fasting despite
of long journey. By help and support of Allah, the infidels were
defeated. Seventy of their men were arrested. Aboo Jehl was killed by
two Muslim youngsters along with several Makki chiefs.
According to war-rules
of those days Hadhrat Omar R.A. along with many companions of the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam wanted to kill them for revenge and to
over-awe the Makki invaders it was essential that all the persons who
were arrested should have been murdered. But the Holy Prophet (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him) as a blessing for the entire universe,
set all of them free after taking ransom and deploying them on
probation/parole to teach the illiterate boys, girls and elders of
Madina.
THE
BATTLE OF OHUD (GHAZWA OHUD):
The Quraysh again
attacked Madina in the next year, the third year of Hijra. They were
more prepared this time. They had collected subscription publicly. The
poet Aboo Ghazzala went all around and persuaded Banu Kanana to help the
Quraysh. Fifty thousand Misqaal of. gold and one thousand camels, from
business of Syria, which was not as yet distributed, was included in the
subscription.
In short, the Makki
pagans as furious enemies pounded Madina with an army consisting of five
thousand warriors proceeded towards Madina. This included three hundred
camels, two hundred horses and seven hundred warriors, wearing armours,
and others with weaponry were afoot. The Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations on him) was of the opinion that defence may be done by being
besieged in Madina,but following the opinion of Muslims majority they
faced the army of the Quraysh, out of Madina; near the mount, Ohud five
miles away.
Muslims numbered one
thousand. In the beginning Muslims defeated the enemy; but then these
victorious believers left the valley where the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam had appointed them to remain steadfast. On observing
this Khalid Bin Waleed who was yet not a Muslim took a round and
occupied the said valley, and brought Muslims in the centre. At that
time Muslims suffered a heavy loss. Seventy companions (Allah is pleased
with them) of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam were martyred.
Major portion of the army was scattered. In the battlefield only seventy
companions showed bravery; and stood steadfast in front of the enemy
defending the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam in direct attack of
the Makki infidels.
The biggest loss, among
the losses of the battle was that Hadhrat Ameer Hamza (Allah is pleased
with him), uncle and great friend defender and great warrior of the Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations on him) was martyred. Hadhrat Maasub
Bin Omair was also martyred Hadhrat, Ans Bin Nazar was also martyred.
Hadhrat Talha (Allah is pleased with him) used his hand as a shield: and
he checked the arrows, aimed at the Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations on him), by his hand. The rumours of the martyrdom of the
Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations on him) extremely depressed
Muslims. During this period Hazrat-Ka'ab Bin Malik happened to sight the
luminous face of the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations on him)
bleeding due to his broke tooth and bruised face. He shouted, "Be happy,
the Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) is here." The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam asked him to keep silent. On hearing this
voice, the companions gathered by his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) side.
The Holy Prophet (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) together with his
companions (Allah is pleased with them) ascended the elevation of the
mountain Ohud.
From the foot of the
mountain Aboo Suufyan shouted, "are Muhammad (blessings and salutations
of Allah on him), Hadhrat Aboo Bakr and Hazrut Omar (Allah is pleased
with them) not present?" "The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
asked Muslims not to reply. Aboo Suufyan repeated the same question
twice or thrice. On receiving no reply he was overjoyed; and he
exclaimed "Long live Hobull" (One of the idols)". At this stage the Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) asked Muslims to
reply.
Hadhrat Omar (Allah is
pleased with him) replied "AH these persons arc all alive to make your
designs futile and disgrace you." Aboo Suufyaan came forward and said
"the battle has ended. The clay of Ohud has equalized day of Badr. "O'
Hobull be exalted. Promise of battle next year." Obeying the order of
the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) Hazrat Omar
(Allah is pleased with him) replied, "The same is the time limit between
both of us. After this debate enemy infidels returned to Makkah and the
hypocrites quite exposed returned to Madina.. The Quraish enemy female
folk also participated in war of Ohud including daughter of 'Otba,
mother of Ameer Mo-aavia and wife of arch enemy of Islaam to this moment
Aboo Suufyaan. She had hired a specially trained slave to kill Ameer
Hamza and totally disfigured his pious body to quench her grief of Badr
losses. The female folks of Islaam also participated for the first time
including Hadhrat Fatima, to nurse the wounded and the seriously injured
Muslim warriors.
OTHER
SKIRMISHES, WAR OF THE TRENCH, JEWISH CONFRONTATIONS:
From 3rd to 4th to
Hijra some small skirmishes took place. Hadhrata Fatima, so deer
daughter of the Holy Prophet married to Hadhrat Ah R.A. gave birth to
Hadhrat Husain so affectionate grandson of the Messenger of Allah
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam The War of Trench took place in 5th Hijra. The
Jews had many agreements which they broke, so Sura Baqara II, Sura
Aaal-e-Imraan III, Sura Nisaa IV and Sura Ma-idah condemn them.
QURAAN
AND THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF MEDINA CONSPIRING AGAINST THE HOLY PROPHET:
The Jews who settled in
Arabia through the ages also came to Yathrab in the 5th or sixth century
A.D. and settled there. They were too much frustrated and upset to see
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam and his companions' migration
to Madina. The Holy Quraan has pertinently referred to the Jewish people
and their characteristics. They are still the same stiff-neck for their
anti Muslim attitude. Some of the references of the Holy Quraan are as
follows:
Superiority on
other nations in their own times = 2:47, 122
Allah's continuous
favours on Jews = 2:47; 2:122
More Bestowments of
Allah, on Jews = 2:40 to 58, 63, 64, 122, 123; 5:20; 7:138, 141,
160; 10:93; 14:6; 20:80; 28:5; 44:30 to 33; 45:15, 17.
Jews Reverted to
idol (calf) worship on safe crossing the sea = 2:51. 54, 43; 7:138.
Chiefs of Jews
were overtaken by an earthquake for their wrongs = 7:155,
165
Jewish People made
Apes due to their disobedience = 7:166.
Moses ordered Jews
to enter Palestine but they refused = 7:155, 165
The Jews
rejected signs of Allah, killed the Prophets and
transgressed = 2:61, 65; 7:188
dHistory of
Israelites and their enmity with the Muslims at Medina =
2:40, 41, 62, 63, 66, 85. 92 to 96, 100, 102, 113, 135, 174
to 176; 3:23,
24,98,99, 110
to 112, 187. 199; 4:44 to 47, 155; 5:14, 15, 16, 18, 41 to
44, 51 to 55, 57, 64, 68, 70, 71, 77 to 82, 161; 7:159, 161
to 177; 61:118;
17:2 to 8;
58:12 to 19
Cruelties of
Israelites - Charge sheet by Allah = 2:59, 61, 65, 66, 75 to
81, 85 to 92, 99 to 103, 119, 140, 145, 146, 211, 246; 3:19
to 23, 24, 110 to
112, 181 to 183; 4:41, 52, 60, 61, 66, 153 to 158, 159, 160;
5:21, 32, 41 to 43, 59 to 64, 70, 71, 110; 7:162, 163; 45:17; 61:5.
ISLAAM TO REAL SUCCESS
THE LOVE OF WORSHIP IN THE
KA-'AABA:
The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) had a
vision in sleep that he went over to Makkah and performed 'Omrah,
special worship in the Holy Ka'aaba in Makkah. When he narrated this to
the companions (Allah is pleased with them, they became restless due to
eagerness; and they made preparations for the journey to Makkah. The
Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) took all of
them with him as an in-born Arab rights to visit the Ka'aaba and reached
the neighborhood of Makkah. When the stiff-neck Quraish came to know
this, they unanimously decided not to allow Muslims to enter Makkah. The
Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) voluntarily
withdrew from there and stayed at the place known as Hodybia.
THE WELL KNOWN MIRACLE AT
HODYBIA:
Hodybia is the name of a well. A vast plain is nearby in between Makkah
and Jeddah toward Madina. Due to shortage of water the Holy Prophet's
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam companions (Allah is pleased with them) were
distressed. There was small quantity of water in a pot but there was no
arrangement to clean this abondoned well and bring it to fetch water.
Everybody was thirsty. The pot containing small water was placed in
front of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam He saw the quantity
of water so little but all the companions so needy to quench their too
much felt thirst. The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah
on him) placed his hand in it. Water started gushing out from his sacred
fingers like five springs. All the fifteen hundred companions with their
animals quenched their thirst. People filled their utensils, and
performed ablution. This has been narrated by Hadhrat Jaber (Allah is
pleased with him). Water was available in such a huge quantity that even
several hundred thousands of men would have been satiated. Then the well
also gushed out fine fresh water which had run till the mid twentieth
century and was closed by the present regime.
HUDABIA PUZZLE OF THE
MUSLIMS AND THE EXCHANGE OF EMISSARIES:
The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam with great love for the self
re-selected Ka-'aaba as Kibla of the Muslims and all his (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) companions (1500) with great respect to this House of
worship of Allah as their Arab right had come with full preparations
with their sacrificial animals in full peaceful process to perform the
obligatory Hajj. But the Quraish of Makkah deprived them from this birth
right. The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam wanted to have a
dialogue with the Quraish. Badeel Bin Warqa Khazaaee came to the Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him). It was stated by
him that the Quraysh were bent upon waging a war if Muslims donot return
to Madina unconditionally. The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations
of Allah on him) said, "We want, only to perform 'Omrah ! and the
Quraysh cannot debar us from this right. He suggested to this emissary
that his companions want to do 'Omrah. Therefore be Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam proposed to make a truce for a limited period. He was so
impressed to see the love, attachment and obedience of the Muslims to
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam that every one was so anxious
to get preserved every drop of water of Holy Prophet's ablution and even
they made it as a source of tonic to their faces and body limbs as his (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) followers. On going back he narrated the whole story to
the Quraish, and lie told them that the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam had not come for a fight. But the Quraish did not agree, and
they did not reconcile. Thereafter Urwah Bin Masood Thaqfee approached
the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him).
THE NEGOTIATIONS:
The Muslims and the Quraish conversation started on this subject in a
serious way through Suhail Bin Omroo from the Quraish side and Hadhrat
Aboo Bakr Siddique from Muslim's side. The conversation cropped to
exchange of harsh words of Suhail with Hadhrat Siddique R.A. that Omrah
is Muslim right. But nothing was settled Suhail went back, and said to
the Quraish, "I have visited courts of kings but I have not found their
so subordinated subjects as much faithful and welt-wishers of king as
instantly sacrificing most obedient companions of the Holy Prophet,
Muhammad (blessings and salutations of Allah on him). They lovely rush
to collect every bit of his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) hair and cut out
nails as well as every drop of bis perspiration with zeal that they
appear to be on the profoundest love and such an attachment to fight on
his order to last drop of their blood.
Then the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations on him) thought of
deputing some emissary of his side to the Quraish. Hence Hadhrat 'Othmaan
(Allah is pleased with him) was selected for this duty because he had
several of his relatives and supporters amongst the Quraish in Makkah
who had not embraced Islaam but had blood ties with him (R.A.). Hadhrat
'Othmaan approached the leaders of Quraish; and conveyed to them the
message of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam They treated 'Othmaan
with amicable manners; but they did not agree to allow the Holy Prophet
Blessings and salutations of Allah on him) to enter Makkah.
RUMOUR OF MURDER OF HADHRAT OTHMAN AND THE BAYAT (PLEDGE) OF RIDHWAAN:
A rumour broke out that the infidels had martyred Hadhrat 'Othmaan
(Allah is pleased with him). The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations
of Allah on him) was extremely grieved on hearing this as he was not
only his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) personal emissary, Muslim
Ambassador of peace but also a great companion. Therefore under a cacia
tree the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) took
oath of allegiance from all the companions (Allah is pleased with them)
to the effect that so long as they are alive they will avenge bloodshed
of Hadhrat Othmann. The Holy Quraan has highly appreciated this Muslim
pledge to keep such obedience of every believer to the Holy Prophet (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) as hall-mark of life.
The Holy Quraan says:
"Allah is pleased
with the Muslims who pledged at your hands under the tree. He knew
what is in their hearts. This brought a great satisfaction in their
hearts and it ushered a great victory for them." (Al-Quraan :
XLVIII:18)
Afterwards it came to
light that the news about the murdering of Hadhrat 'Othmaan (Allah is
pleased with him) was altogether false.
THE HUDYBIA
TREATY AS THE FIRST TREATY IN ISLAAM:
Suhail Bin 'Omroo
approached the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him)
and after much discussion, truce was settled on the following terms:
This year the Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) and all his
companions (Allah is pleased with them all) will go back without
performing Hajj or Omrah
They will perform
Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage in and around Makkah) next year provided
they stay not more than three days.
The Muslims will bear no arms in the Hajj next year except
self defence sheathed swords
The validity of the truce was agreed to be ten years
The Quraysh will
not fight the allies of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
and the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam will not fight the
allies of the Quraysh
If any of the Quraysh embraces Islaam, the Holy Prophet will return him to the
Quraysh; but if
Ia Muslim turns apostate and joins Quraish, he will not be
returned at any cost
This last condition was extremely disturbing and disgusting
to the Holy Prophet's Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam companions (Allah is pleased with them). Hadhrat 'Omar
(Allah is pleased with him) was extremely enraged, and he firmly
solicited before the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on
him) that the last condition is very humiliating. The Holy Prophet
(blessings and salutations of Allah on him) smiled and replied that any
one who turns apostate and joins them is of no use to us; and if some
one becomes Muslim from amongst them and comes to us, but we return him
to them,Allah the Sublime will create better conditions for us somehow
or the other that such returned Muslim will become an asset there.
Meanwhile Aboo Jandal was thrown to the Muslims badly beaten and
chained. He was the son of Suhail, the truce and treaty maker of the
Quraish. Treaty was not yet signed so the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam and all the Muslims were swayed from the shrieks of Aboo Jandal
but his father Suhail told that the Treaty is operative. Thus Aboo
Jandal was returned and treaty was signed. The Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam honored his words before being confirmed which further
made his truthful deals as the most effective pattern of his
life throughout. Briefly, this truce was settled with great
difficulty
THE GREATEST
VICTORY IS THE PEACE TREATY OF HUDYBIA
Islaam is a religion of
Allah as His Final will to bring peace within and peace all around to
the Day of Eternity. his was the urge of Allah Almighty through this
Final Modality the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaho hoo Alyhe
Wassallam) to bring peaceful existence to humanity for mankind
prosperity. Therefore, a full Sura starts from this great achievement
(Sura Fatah) saying
"Surely it is a
great victory for you ....... " (Al-Quraan : XLVIII: 1 to 3)
The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him)
and all his companions) sacrificed the Huda (sacrificial)
camels here; and got his and all the companions heads shaved
as a symbol of havings performed worship out of
Makkah. Although his companions had reservations to accede to this great
treaty but after this command of Allah they bowed down to him (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam). This profound arbitration truce really became a
foundation stone for march of Islaam amongst the Arab tribes and all
around in Arabia.
ISLAAM THE UNIVERSAL RELIGION AND THE MESSAGE
OF ISLAAM BEYOND ARABIA
"Call to the way of your Rubb (Sustainer with wisdom
and good exortation
and argue with them in a way that is the best."
(Al-Quraan XVI: 125)
Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quraan:
We have not
sent you save as a Blessing to all the created beings. (XXI:
107)
THE
PROPHET'S MESSAGE OF ISLAAM BEYOND ARABIA:
The Holy Prophet
was fully aware of the responsibilities that he owed to humanity as
the last Messenger of Allah. Thus in the atmosphere of general
security which the treaty of Hudaybiyah had provided him, he found
it a heaven-sent opportunity to turn his attention to other nations
beyond Arabia in order to deliver to them the Message of Allah. Once
he called and said to bis companions and addressed them in the
following words:
"O ye men God
has sent me a blessing to all mankind. Carry the message of
Islaam to all the corners of the world. Differ not as differed
the disciples of Jesus, the son of Mary.
"And how did they
differ?" asked his companions. He replied. "Jesus called them to
what I am calling you, but he who was sent on a short journey obeyed
and accepted his mission and he who was despatched afar showed
reluctant attitude before his Lord and the Almighty awarded them the
punishment that thenceforth every one amongst them could speak only
the language of the people to whom he was sent." Quoted by Aboo
Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari, Tarikh al-Rasul wa'l Muluk ed.
M.J. de Geoje (Leiden 1881-82), Series I, Vol III, p. 1560.
CORRESPONDENCE
TO THE FOREIGN RULERS TO EMBRACE ISLAAM:
Envoys were chosen
by the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam to carry the light of
Islaam to all those corners where darkness prevailed. In order to
authenticate the credentials of his envoys, a silver seal was made
in which were graven the words: "Muhammad the Messenger of Allah".
THE ENVOY TO
HERACLIUS:
The first mission
was sent to Heraclius. When the Muslim envoy, Dihyah Kalbi, reached
Palestine, he was informed that the Emperor was celebrating his
victory over the Persians by paying a visit to Jerusalem - the
cradle of his faith; and thus it was here that the Prophet's letter
was delivered to him. The Muslim envoy was received amidst numerous
ceremonies. He delivered the following introductory speech before
presenting him the letter;
"O Caesar of Rome
the one who has sent me as an envoy to you is better than yourself
and the Exalted Allah Who has sent him to us as Prophet is the
Greatest of Alt. So listen to me with full attention and give an
earnest reply. If you do not pay full heed you may not be able to
catch its meaning and if your answer does not come out of sincere
heart, it will not be just. O King you are well aware of the fact
that Jesus, the son of Mary, offered prayers."
The King replied in
the affirmative.
The ambassador of
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam continued his
introductory speech and said, "Then I invite you." said Dihyah
Kalbi. "to that Great Allah to Whom Jesus offered his prayers,
prostrated himself and Who shaped him in the womb of Mary and Who
created the heavens and the earth. Then I invite yon to that
un-lettered Prophet whose advent has been foretold by Moses and
Jesus and you have a complete knowledge of all these facts. If you
accept the message preached by him you shall get Immense reward in
this world and the world to come. But in case you reject it, you
shall be denied of them. Believe me, there is one Great Master Who
punishes the disbelievers and changes their fortunes.
ABOO
SUFYAN'S TESTIMONY ABOUT THE HOLY PROPHET TO HERACLIUS:
Incidentally, Aboo
Sufyan, who by that time had not embraced Islaam, rather still was
the arch enemy of Islaam was summoned to the court and Heraclius
asked him many questions about Muhammad (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam)
and the religion which he preached. The testimony which this avowed
enemy of the Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam gave regarding the
personal excellence of the Prophet's Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
character and the good that Islaam was doing to the human race, left
Heraclius wonder-struck.
CONTENTS OF
THE PROPHET'S LETTER TO HERACLIUS:
Then the Prophet's
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam letter was read aloud, which rendered into
English, is as follows:
"Allah's Name, the Most Affectionate, the Most Merciful.
This letter is being sent by Muhammad to Heraclius, the
Emperor of Rome."
"Blessed are those who follow true guidance. I invite you to
embrace Islaam. If you do so, you shall be safe and secure.
If you come within its fold, God will give you double reward
and in case you turn your back upon it, then the burden of
the sins of people shall fall on your shoulders."
O people of the Book come to
the word that is common between us and between you that we
shall worship none save Allah and that we shall not
associate aught with Him and that none of us shall take
others as lords besides Allah. Then if they turn away, say:
Bear witness that verily we are Muslims.
LETTERS OF THE HOLY PROPHET TO OTHER RULERS IN 6TH/7TH HIJRA:
The following rulers were also sent letters by the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam as his preaching of Islaam
through universal correspondence for transworld spread of
the messages of Allah:
Letter to Iranian monarch, the despotic Khuusro Pervaiz,
Emperor of Persian Empire;
Deputation to Habasha - Abyssinia to King Negus;
Message to Hauza, the Chief of Christian tribe Banu Hanifah;
and
Letter to the Azeez of Misr (Egypt) who sent Hadhrata Marya
who was married to
the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam
Many other emissaries to the other tribes on Arabian
frontiers including Yamama Chief
KHALID BIN WALEED AND
AMR BIN AASS IN THE FOLD OFISLAAM:
After in treaty of Hudybia on the last leg of 6th Century A.H. the
conqueror of Syria Hadhrat Khalid Bin Waleed and the conqueror of
Egypt Hadhrat Amr Bin Aass embraced Islaam out of person urge.
THE OTHER CONQUESTS AND EVENTS OF
6th AND 7th HIJRA
The Madina Jews self-exiled themselves to Khyber Valley and
elsewhere. They started to pose threat to Islaam with conspiracies
of Makki Quraish enemy and the Madina hypocrites. Khyber was a
greatly protected fortification of Jews with their strongest Chief
Marhub. The valley was so rich with Fidak having best gardens in
Arabia.
THE CONQUEST OF KHYBER
AND ANNEXATION OF FIDAK:
All the Arab Jews fortified in Khyber protectorate were defeated in
personal dual of Hadhrat Ali (Allah ,s pleased with him). The garden
and fertile agricultural land of Fidak were taken over by Muslims.
The garden of Fidak, a very good fruit and agricultural land was
distributed, half to the Jews and half to the Muslims. A chunk of
land with gardens was taken over by the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam as it came to his share. It was made a state land
for the look after of state guests.
EMIGRANTS OF HABASHA (ABYSSINIA):
The Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) was
staying in Khybar when Jaa'fer Bin Aboo Talib (Allah is pleased with
him), along with other emigrants from Abyssinia returned and met.
him (blessings and salutations of Allah on him). The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam had sent them there to save their faith in
Islaam from cruelties of Makki infidels. These people returned to
Arabia but in Khyber. He Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam welcomed them;
embraced Hadhrat Jaa'fer; kissed his forehead, and said, "I am
delighted from conquest of Khyber and same is the delight of the
arrival of Jaa'fer".
THE PREREQUISITE TO THE CONQUEST OF MAKKAH AND 'OMRAH:
At the place of Hudybia, a peace treaty was signed with the Qurayah
two years ago but they broke the promise, and thereby nullified many
of the conditions of this peace treaty by their different re-actions
during Holy Prophet's Omrah of the Ka'aaba. The Holy Prophet
(blessings and salutations of Allah on him), therefore, ordered to
prepare a strong force as expedition to Mauta where many companions
were martyred which had grieved him a lot. It was due to the evil
designs of the Quraish. Thus the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam had to teach a lesson to Makki Quraish. The Quraysh got
ashamed, and sent Aboo Sufyaan to apologize, and desired that peace
treaty may be renewed; but it was too late and so violated that his
intervention was of no avail. Aboo Suufyaan was ashamed. He went
back to Makkah frustrated. Tlie Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations of Allah on him) appointed a blind companion Ahdullah
Ibne Oome Maktoom as the Governor of Madina. He himself (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him) set out to Makkah with an army
often thousand strong.
On the other hand, Hadhrat Abbass (Allah is pleased with him) the
real uncle of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam who had
embraced Islaam and migrated to Madina had several relatives in
Makkah who had not yet embraced Islaam. He wanted that somehow or
the other they may be informed so that they may either come and
apologize or embrace Islaam, and thus may be saved. As such he rode
the mule of the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on
him), and came out of the army camp outside Makkah. He met Aboo
Suufyaan and made him understand how the Makki people should face
the fact and narrated the whole situation to him. Hadhrat Abbas then
gave him protection and brought him to the Holy Prophet (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him). At that time Aboo Suufyaan half
heartedly embraced Islaam with some reservations. Hadhrat Abbass
(Allah is pleased with him) requested the Holy Prophet (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him) that since Aboo Suufyaan was the
Chief of the Quraysh, he may be specially favoured, so that his
lofty position amongst the Quraish could be maintained. But it was
now too late so the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam did not
react.
THE BASIC REASON FOR THE CONQUEST OF MAKKAH:
According to the terms of the treaty of Hudybiyah, the Arab tribes
were given the option to join either of the parties with which they
desired to enter into treaty alliance. As a consequence Banu Bakr
joined the Quraish, and Khuza-'ah joined the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam Banu Bakr, without caring a bit for the conditions
of the treaty, attacked Banu Khuza-'ah. The Quraish helped them with
men and arms.
When the aggrieved party sought justice from their Muslim allies,
the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam as their leader, demanded
an immediate redress for not only violating the treaty but also
slaying his men in the sanctified area. Three demands were made, the
acceptance of any one of them was stressed:
to pay blood
money for the victims of Khuza-'ah;
to terminate
their alliance with Banu Bakr' or
to consider the
truce to have been nullified.
In the fit of their pride Quraish arrogantly said: "We will neither
pay blood money nor terminate our alliance with Banu Bakr, but are
prepared to declare the truce of Hydybia as null and void.
THE DEJECTION OF ABOO SUUFYAAN:
Aboo Suufyaan was dejected over the imprudence of his people and
came to Madina for a renewal of the truce. He went to the house of
his daughter Umm Habibah (wife of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam). But as he went to sit on the Prophet's Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam carpet she folded it up. "My daughter." said he, "I hardly
knew if you think that the carpet is too good than me or that I am
not good for the carpet." She replied, "It is the Prophet's
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam carpet and you are an unclean polytheist."
This reply of the wife of the Holy Prophet (blessings and
salutations of Allah on him) speaks eloquently of the great love and
the profound respect which his partner of life had for him. Can an
imposter command such affection from one who has a free access to
the most guarded sectors of his life? It is the sincerity, the deep
love, great attachment and the genuine sincerity of the followers
with Muhammad (blessings and salutations of Allah on him).
Aboo Suufyaan turned his steps back to Makkah in a state of bitter
disappointment and submitted the report of his meeting with his
daughter, the behaviour of Aboo Bakr, Omar and Ali (Allah is pleased
with all of them) who did not respond to his so belated truce call,
and the meaningful silence of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam The Makkans were dismayed, but did not expect imminent
danger.
THE FINAL
VICTORY WITHOUT A DROP OF BLOOD AND THE MOST PEACEFUL ENTRY OF
MUSLIMS IN MAKKAH
The Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam ordered preparations to be
made for march to Makkah. The expedition was first kept secret but
later on he revealed that the neighboring tribes, who were in
alliance with the Muslims, were also invited to join the Prophet's
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam army.
For twenty-one long years the Quraish had been committing atrocities
on the Muslims. They tortured them, inflicted injuries upon them,
dragged them in the fire and on the burning sand of blazing Makkah,
in fact, made their very existence impossible. Hard pressed by these
shameless acts, the Muslims left their native place in order to seek
shelter at Madina. But the revengeful Makkans allowed them no rest
even in that city. They attacked them even in their new abode.
After making full preparations the Holy Prophet, Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam proceeded to Makkah at the head often thousand soldiers on
the 10th of Ramadan, 8th Hijjrah. He encamped at a place known as
Marr al-Zahran. The Quraish were quite unaware of the development.
But the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam did not like to take
them by surprise. He, therefore, ordered his men to kindle fire on
all sides for cooking purposes. The idea behind this was that the
Quraish should be afforded full opportunity to assess the situation
correctly in which they were pitchforked and should not endanger
their lives by leaping blindly in the battlefield. The Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam wanted to avoid bloodshed as far as
possible and was anxious that the wiser counsel should prevail upon
the haughty Makkans and they should weigh the pros and cons of the
matter before coming forward for an encounter. Abbas, the Prophet's
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam uncle, like his brother Aboo Taalib, had
always been friendly to his nephew, Muhammad Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam He had been giving him timely warning of the Makkans attack
on Madina. He met the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam on the
way and discussed the situation with him. Abbas had tender feelings
for his kith and kins in Makkah and was desirous that they should
realise the gravity of the situation and yield before the
irresistible tide of the Muslim army.
Abbas was fully aware of the change of heart of the majority of the
Makkans and he succeeded in convincing Aboo Suufyaan on this state
of affairs. The Peace Treaty of Hudybiyah had provided them a
respite to see and think in a calmer atmosphere, and, with cool-head
feelings and in a rational frame of mind, the teachings of Islaam
and the great spiritual and moral revolution which it had brought
about amongst those who had accepted it. Their hearts bad attested
(he truth of the Divine mission which Muhammad (Sallallahoo Alyhe
Wassallam) h;nl drought. Only their proofing in words was to be
made.
It, was, therefore, in the best interests of Makkah that Islaam
should be allowed to take hold of the city without the least
resistance and should he accented as an incontestable truth. Through
the intercession of Abbas and the conviction of Aboo Suffyaan, the
way had been paved for this "peaceful conquest."
GENERAL AMNESTY:
None could be more anxious to avoid bloodshed than Muhammad
Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam. He, therefore, proclaimed amnesty to
the people who had persecuted and tortured him and his followers and
had even made several attempts on his life. But he is the
Rahmat-ull-lil Aalameen. The Blessing unto the worlds, and even his
deadliest enemies were to be forgiven. "There shall bo no
retaliation against you this day," he declared. He asked Aboo
Suffyaan, once his arch enemy to proclaim: "he who takes refuge in
the house of Aboo Sufyaan is safe: whoso closes the door of his
house, the inmates thereof shall be in safety, and he who enters the
Sacred Mosque of the Ka-'abah is safe."
It was in this spirit of clemency that the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam was to enter the city of Makkah.
THE PROPHET (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) ENTERS MAKKAH:
After having entered the city, the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam offered prayer of thanks in the Masjid-ull-Haraam to the
Almighty God Who, out of His immense grace, had granted him a most
splendid and most peaceful victory over a cruel enemy. A tent was
pitched for him near the Haraam at a spot where he was obliged to
spend his days in a secluded quarter.
THE KA'ABAH IS
PURIFIED:
The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam in unison remembrance of
Allah got up and proceeded towards Ka'aabah, the Sacred House. It
was to be cleaned and made for ever an emblem of the oneness and
Supremacy of Allah as well as the unity of transworld Muslims. It
was unfortunately infested with 360 idols. He Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam knocked them down with the help of Ali (R.A.) and recited
the verse of the Holy Quraan: "Please declare, the Truth has come
and falsehood has vanished. Surely falsehood is ever-vanishing".
(Al-Quraan - XVII - 81)
One by one the stone-gods were dismantled from outside the Ka'abah.
Images and effigies were deleted from its outer walls. He then
prostrated himself in worship within the Ka'abah. He sitting down
within sent Bilal to summon 'Othmaan Bin Talhah possessing the key
of the Ka'abah. Asceding the steps of the threshold and unlocking
the door he ordered that idols should be destroyed and images
obliterated from its within with complete overhaul with the help of
Ali (Allah is pleased with him). He in the sacred hall performed
devout prostrations. He then returned to the door-way the Isstelaam,
and, standing upon its elevated step, gazed in thank-fulness on the
thronging multitude below. It was the 20th of Ramadan, the eighth
year of Hijrah, when, on the gate of Holy Ka'abah, and with its key
held in his hand, he delivered the following address:
"There is no god but Allah alone. He has no associate. He made good
His promise that He held to His bondsman and helped him and defeated
all the confederates along. Bear in mind that every claim of
privilege, whether that of blood, or property, is under my feet,
except that of the custody of the Ka'abah, worship in it and
supplying of water to the pilgrims. Bear in mind anyone who is
slain, even thought, uninternationally, may be with club or whip,
for him the blood wit is very severe: hundred camels, forty of them
to be pregnant. O people of Quraish surely God has abolished from
you all pride of the time of ignorance and all pride in your
ancestry, (because) all men descended from Adam, and Adam was
fashioned out of clay".
Then he recited to them the Verse:
"O mankind verify We have created you of a male and a female
and We have made you nations and tribes that you might know
one another. Surely the noblest of you with Allah is the one
who most fears from Him. Surely Allah is All Knowing, All
Aware (Al -Quraan.l"
He further added:
"O you people of Quraish what do you, think of the treatment
that I am about to accord to , you?"
They replied:
"O noble brother and son of a noble brother we expect
nothing but kindness from you".
Upon this he said:
"I speak to you in the same words as Joseph spoke unto his
brothers";
"This day, there is no reproof against you".
Go your way, for you are freed ones".
Then he asked Hadhrat Bilaal to climb up the Ka'abah to loudly give
the call for prayer and he gave the Aadhaan on top of the Ka'abah.
BROTHERHOOD OF
MANKIND.
The Holy Prophet also imprinted upon the minds of the people the
pragmatic value of this fundamental principle of Islaam, i.e.,
Divine Unity and human integrity. This concept strikes at the very
root of all types of man-made distinctions, e.g., those of race,
colour, creed and language and completely sweeps off all kinds of
hierarchical privileges of life prevailed social and political
discriminations. It was a pronouncement of very great significance.
Herein was sounded the death knell of the doctrine of polygenism
ascribing multiple ancestry to mankind and the idea of castes or
classes forming a barrier to common, humanity. There is no
distinction between man and man. All are equal, because they are
descendants of the same parents. Superiority of one over another in
this vast "brotherhood does not depend on nationality, wealth or
rank but on one's piety, straightforwardness, sincerity and
conscious adherence to the command of Allah in the Holy Quraan and
the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
THE 9th HIJRAA AND MISSION FULFILMENT
A. THE HONAYN WAR:
After the peaceful conquest of Makkah the neighborhood tribes had
embraced Islaam but some people were still clung to idolatry
elsewhere in Arabia who were to be brought under the umbrella of
Islaam as Holy Prophet's (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) basic mission.
Meanwhile the strong Huwazin tribe tried to retaliate but the Holy
Prophet (Allah's blessings and salutations on him) took 12000 troops
to face them in the Hunayn battle. This was the all times biggest
army with Holy Prophet Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam, so far. A big
cattle wealth was captured here.
Sura Tauba (Repentance) is the testimony to the crushing defeat of
this Arab infidels last force. (Sura Tauba IX: 25, 26).
THE FALL OF
TAA-IFF:
Then Taa-iff, where in Makki life .the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam was given the toughest tortures in 9tb Nabawi surrendered
to Muslims in 9th Hijiraa. A big booty came to Muslim hands from
Taa-iff as war spoils which were so judiciously distributed.
THE TABUUK WAR:
THE MESSAGE TRANSWORLD:
Muslim expedition to Tabuuk in Syria where the Arab Christians and
Roman Christians had gathered to attack the Muslims and wanted to
conquer Madina. The journey was so long and the season was burning.
The Sands bell bound were so wide that this expedition was
impossible without special horse/camel force. The hypocrites of
Madina and associate Arab tribes detracted. The companions like
Hadhrat Aboo Bakr sacrifice every belonging to the last article on
the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him). Allah
totally rejected those who hesitated the hottest season of this
expedition in Sura Tauba (IX : 49, 81 and 96).
The Holy Prophet Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam assembled a historical
30,000 strong army with full preparations and commitment. The Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam reached in this toughest weather
with this greatest army of his times and reached Tabuuk on the
Syrian border. Plenty of shade, orchard, water and life was
available here. It became a peaceful show-down of the biggest empire
of time, the Roman Empire which had defeated the super power of
Persian Empire.
This was a peaceful transworld spread of Islaam with its
introduction from Syria as an international religion. A peace treaty
was signed by the Christian Chief of Syria. Allah has described in
Sura Tauba IX : 97 to 118) this peaceful deal of universal
importance. The Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam alongwith
this strongest force returned to Madina after achieving his (Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam) great mission abroad and finally disciplining the
Muslim forces to face any challenge of the future in international
spread of Islaam
RE-DISCIPLINE OF MUSLIMS WITH ALLTIME PURITY OF FAITH
A. DEMOLITION OF HYPOCRITES' MOSQUE:
The fifth columnist hypocrites built a mosque not for remembrance of
Allah but for conspiracies against Islaam and for the damage of
Muslim solidarity. After the successful expedition of Tabuuk the
Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam returned to Madina. Sura
Tauba (IX : 107) exposed these enemies of Islaam. Their this
conspiracy centre mosque of creating disunity amongst Muslims was
demolished by him Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
DEATH OF THE
CHIEF OF HYPOCRITES OF MADINA:
Abdullah Bin Obyye died in 9th Hijra when the Holy Prophet
Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam returned from Tabuuk mission which this
hypocrites' Chief severely opposed. His sincerely faithful Muslim
son submitted to him (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) for leading his
funeral prayer. The Holy Prophet led it. Allah disapproved it in
Sura Tauba (IX : 80, 84) that he was enemy of the Holy Prophet
Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
On arrival at ZaI-Halaifa, he (blessings and salutations of Allah on
him) put on pilgrims' garb, entered Makkah with great serenity and
dignity and made seven circuits around Ka'aba. He (blessings and
salutations of Allah on him) reached the valley of Namrah at sunrise
on 9th of Zulhajjah. On one side of this valley is situated Arafaat,
and on the other Muzdalfa. After the decline of the sum, the Holy
Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) started from
here and readied Arafaat. All the plain was crowded with people to
its full capacity; and every one was busy in glorification, and
sanctification of Allah and that there is no one else worth warship
except Allah Suubhanahoo Wa Ta-'aala. The Holy Prophet (blessings
and salutations of Allah on him) rode his she-camel Qaswah and
delivered the famous Fare Well Sermon as his address of the Hajj-uII-Widaa'.
This is the fundamental human rights 1,400 years much upto date than
the 1948 Human Rights Charter of U.N.O. On the slaughtering day the
Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah on him) sacrificed
sixty three camels with his own hands symbolizing perhaps the 63
years of his physical life herein. Thirty seven animals were
sacrificed on his behalf by Hadhrat Ali (Allah is pleased with him).
This sacrifice was enacted in Minnaa'araa near Makkah. After
finishing this, the Holy Prophet (blessings and salutations of Allah
on him) came to the Ka-'aaba and made seven circumambulances (Tawaaf-e-Afadha)
of the Ka-'aaba. Then he went towards Madina Tayyaba. Since he
(blessings and salutations of Allah on him) had lead this Hajj for
the first and the last times, preached for the last time, therefore
it is called Hajja-tull-Widaa (the Last Hajj) and Hajja-tull Balagha
(Pilgrimage of preaching).
DEPUTATION FROM TAA-IFF:
The Holy Prophet Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam was so glad to receive
a big deputation from Taa-iff after Ramdhan-ull-Mubarak of 9th
Hijrah. These were the people who severely tortured him 18 years ago
who are to day the deputationists being served by with love being
good belervers.
THE ISLAAMIC CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Fornication, prohibited sex and
adultery was banned. It was subjected to severest punishment
by the Holy Quraan (Sura Noor XXIV : 3 and Sura Bani Israel
XVII : 32)
Usury or interest was prohibited vide Sura Al-Baqarah II ;
278.
Intoxicants, liquor, gambling, stone alters and divining by
arrows was also totally banned and made punishable. (Al-Quraan
Sura V : 90)
PREACHERS SENT ALL OVER:
The Holy Prophet deputed the companions of great calibre like Ma-aaz
Bin Jabal and those who were trained by him (Salallaho Alaihi
Wasallam) at his Suffa, the open university which graduated as many
as 13000 companions for mission, the world over - from Rome to
China.
HADHRAT ABOO BAKR LEADS THE FIRST MUSLIM HAJJ:
When the Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam was to leave for
Tabuuk he Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam appointed Hadhrat Aboo Bakr
(R.A.) to lead the first Muslim Hajj congregation for pilgrimage in
and around Makkah. Hadhrat Ali Radhi Allah hoo Unhoo (R.A.) was
deputed later on to announce 40 verses of Sura Tauba cancelling the
treaties with the border tribes who were hypocrites as in Sura IX :
1 to 8.
EMBASSIES/STRONG DEPUTATIONS POUR IN FROM ALL ARABIA:
During the early months of 10th Hijjraa many many deputations from
all over Arabia poured in to embrace Islaam and learn it from the
Holy Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam A most famous Sura NASR of
part 30 as Sura No. 109 is its best testimony. People came to
embrace Islaam learning its Shariah from the Holy Prophet Salallaho
Alaihi Wasallam
THE HAJJULL WIDAA' AND THE FAREWELL SERMON - THE
HUMAN RIGHTS CHARTER
The Holy Prophet Sallallahoo Alyhe Wassallam was in the 63rd year of
age. His entire mission was being fulfilled. The Divine modality of
his life pattern was established the best source of righteousness,
piety, welfare and human prosperity with peace and co-existence.
People in complete ignorance and totally paralysed by sinfulness,
vices and Satanic system were fully trained to adopt the Divine
system of peace and tranquillity with justice and equity.
He announced his self leading his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) the
first and the last Hajj. People came in great numbers that it was
attended by 120000 to 140000 faithfuls. Allah declared the Holy
Prophet Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam the noblest being, the most pious
(Sura XLIX : 13).
Then he (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) completed all the rites of the
Hajj which became his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) Hajj-ull-Widdaa'.
He performed many Omraas. It is here that he delivered on the back
of his (Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam) she camel, the Qooswaa, his
Farewell Sermon which is the height of his eloquence, oratory and
religions fervour, so seriously taken by everyone present there. The
text of the same follows —
LAST SERMON OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD'S Salallaho Alaihi Wasallam
(BLESSINGS AND SALUTATIONS OF ALLAH ON HIM)
This Sermon was delivered on the Ninth day of Dhull Hajjah 10 A.H.
in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafaat.
THE TEXT
O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether,
after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again.
Therefore, listen to what I am saying to you very carefully
and take these words to those who could not be present here
today."
O People, just as you respect this month, this day, this
city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every
Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you
to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may
hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord and
that He will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden
you to take usury (interest). Therefore, all Interest
obligation shall henceforth be waived."
O People, it is true that you have certain rights with
regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. If
they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to
be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and
be kind to them for they are your partners and committed
helpers. And it is your right that they do not make
acquaintance with any one of whom you do not approve and
that never will commit adultery."
O People, listen to me in earnestness. Worship only Allah,
offer your five times daily prayers (Salaat), keep fast
during the Holy month of Ramadhan, and give your wealth in
Zakaat. Perform Hajj if you can afford it. You know that
every Muslim is the brother of another Muslim. You are all
equal. Nobody has superiority over other except by piety and
good action.
Remember, one day you will appear before Allah and answer
for your actions and deeds herein. So beware- Do not stray
from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
O People, no Prophet or Apostle will come after me and no
new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, 0 People,
and understand my words which I convey to you. I leave
behind me two things, the Quraan and my example, the Sunnah.
If you follow these you will never go astray."
All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others
and those others to next ones and so on."
The last ones understand my words better than those who
listen to me nearby directly.
Be my witness O Allah, that I have conveyed your Message to
your devotees."
This is what the Holy Quraan says about his great
Messengership as well wisher of the mankind for all times to
come: |